BLiSS · BIOASTRONAUTICS & LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS · NASA M2M X-HAB CHALLENGE

"Hey Diego" — a crewmate, not a console.

Artemis crews will run their spacecraft without hundreds of flight controllers on the ground. For NASA's Moon-to-Mars X-HAB Academic Innovation Challenge, the BLiSS team designed Diego: a voice user interface persona for autonomous systems — built with NASA Stennis's NPAS platform, grounded in surveys of "Artemis Generation Astronauts," and engineered to be heard over a space station's noise.

ROLEConversation Design · co-author
TEAMBLiSS subteams: Voice Design, GUI, Software Integration, Noise Mitigation · w/ NASA Stennis Autonomous Systems Lab
METHODSUser surveys, persona design, dialogue design, Wizard-style trade studies
OUTCOMEWorking NPAS-compatible VUI prototype · 4 conversation categories · published findings

The challenge

Today, dozens to hundreds of flight controllers and subject-matter experts run real-time troubleshooting, just-in-time training, and procedures from the ground. Beyond low Earth orbit, that lifeline thins. Crews need to interact with a spacecraft's autonomous systems directly — hands-free and eyes-free, because in space both hands are usually busy.

The system had to do more than execute commands. On a long-duration mission, a voice in the habitat is part of the crew's psychological environment.

Long-duration spaceflight brings motivational decline, fatigue, insomnia, and social tension. Astronauts surrounded by peers can still feel lonely. The brief we set ourselves: a voice management system that supports daily operations and behavioral health — raising alerts in a calm voice rather than with alarms.

Research — Two Surveys of "Artemis Generation Astronauts" Bar lengths illustrative of reported rankings

SURVEY 01 — WHAT SHOULD A VUI DO? (TOP REQUESTED FUNCTIONS)

Manage schedule
Task instructions
Respond to emergencies
Monitor station vitals
Communication
Calculations · notes · internet

SURVEY 02 — PICK FROM 45 TRAITS: WHAT PERSONALITY SHOULD IT HAVE?

LOGICALEFFICIENTARTICULATEKNOWLEDGEABLEORGANIZED FRIENDLYCALMWARMKIND
THE HIGHLIGHTED TRAITS WERE THE SURPRISE: ALONGSIDE LOGICAL AND EFFICIENT, RESPONDENTS ASKED FOR FRIENDLY, CALM, AND WARM.

Designing the persona

Voice assistants on station have a history — Clarissa (NASA/Xerox, demoed 2005 at Michigan), Airbus's CIMON on the ISS, and NASA Stennis's AVA prototype. CIMON's lessons loomed large: it wasn't fully integrated into the ISS, and it wasn't accessible everywhere. And existing voice technologies wear thin fast — they misinterpret you, then make you repeat yourself.

Each Voice Design team member drafted a complete human persona — biography, voice, temperament — and we pressure-tested them against the survey traits. The result was Diego: kind yet logical, expressing personality through vocabulary, varied phrasing, and humor in regular dialogue.

Persona Candidates From the Voice Design team's brainstorm

Marie

53 · RETIRED USAF FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR · DAYTON, OH

Thirty years a pilot; now teaches the next generation at the Air Force Academy. Cuts through nonsense, deflates egos, deeply loves the craft. Authority you'd trust in an emergency.

Carl

DESERT STORM VET · NYC CABBIE · HAM RADIO SEMI-CELEBRITY

Drives a cab because he likes hearing people's stories and telling his own — "Cabbie tales from NYC," broadcast to 71 countries. Warmth and chatter that fills a lonely room.

SELECTED

Diego

KIND YET LOGICAL · ORGANIZED · FRIENDLY

The synthesis the surveys asked for: educated, organized, and articulate — but warm, calm, and quick with a joke. Personality carried through vocabulary, varied response phrasing, and voice.

Talking to Diego — Four Request Categories Dialogues follow the paper's design patterns
SAME INTENT, DIFFERENT RESPONSE EACH TIME — SO DIEGO NEVER SOUNDS CANNED

The voice pipeline

Every component had to run offline — no internet beyond LEO — on modest hardware: development on Ubuntu, migrating to two Raspberry Pis for integration testing. Trade studies selected each stage: Porcupine for wake-word detection ("Hey Diego" is the only phrase that wakes it), Mozilla DeepSpeech for transcription, Rasa for intent and entity extraction, and Coqui for a natural text-to-speech voice.

Unlike CIMON, Diego is built into the station itself: fixed microphones in every module, and a bridge into NASA's Platform for Autonomous Systems (NPAS) so a spoken request becomes an executable command set on the spacecraft's own autonomy layer.

System Architecture — Utterance to Action All components run offline · POSIX / Raspberry Pi
CREW MODULE — FIXED MICS IN EVERY MODULE MICROPHONES PNC foam + ANC ≈ −20 dB PORCUPINE wake word — "Hey Diego" DEEPSPEECH offline speech-to-text RASA NLU intent + entity extraction NPAS — G2 BRIDGE NASA Platform for Autonomous Systems executable command sets · station autonomy COQUI TTS natural voice response — calm register for alerts SPEAKERS + GUI mirror on tablets & watches HARDWARE — 2× RASPBERRY PI · POSIX (UBUNTU → CENTOS) fully offline: localized models, no internet dependency beyond LEO

Heard over the noise

A station is loud, and a voice interface that keeps mishearing people will simply get turned off. Scott Kelly wrote about feeling measurably "stupid" as CO₂ rose; a system that monitors vitals by voice has to work in the same harsh acoustic environment it reports on. The Background Noise Mitigation team attacked the problem from both ends: passive cancellation (foam panels absorbing high frequencies) and active cancellation (anti-noise for low frequencies).

Noise Mitigation — Test Results Toggle the treatments · levels per the paper
Whisper
30 dB
Normal speech
60 dB
Target volume
70 dB
Station noise (yelling)
93 dB
UNTREATED STATION ENVIRONMENT — COMMANDS COMPETE WITH MACHINERY
A2" vertical-cut foam−20 dB @ HIGH FREQ
B2" diamond-cut foam−20 dB @ HIGH FREQ
C2" wave-cut foam — best performer; reductions begin at the lowest frequency tested−20 dB FROM 4,000 HZ
D1" vertical-cut foam−20 dB @ HIGH FREQ

The outcome

4CONVERSATION CATEGORIES, FULLY EXPANDED
−20dBNOISE REDUCTION — PNC + ANC COMBINED
1WORKING NPAS-COMPATIBLE VUI PROTOTYPE

The project delivered a working prototype interface compatible with NPAS, software demonstrating intent interpretation and appropriate response, expanded conversations across all four request categories, and hardware/software recommendations for noisy environments — plus an Adobe XD GUI (home screen, calls, messaging, notes, scheduling carousel, vitals charts) for moments when voice isn't the right channel. Published with our NASA Stennis collaborators.

The surveys turned warmth into a real requirement. On a long mission, the crew hears this voice more than they hear most of each other — every day, for months. A system can be accurate and still wear on the people who have to live with it.

NEXT CASE STUDY — 06 / 07 Social Innovations Lab →

CONTENT BASED ON "ENABLING A VOICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS" (VEGA, GARVIN, ET AL., BLiSS × NASA STENNIS, M2M X-HAB). DIALOGUE TEXT FOLLOWS THE PAPER'S PATTERNS; SURVEY BAR LENGTHS ARE ILLUSTRATIVE.